Conditional cash transfer programs (Ecuador, Peru, Tanzania, Brazil)

Conditional cash transfer programs have the potential to pull families and individuals out of extreme poverty, as well as providing incentives for accessing health care services for populations that are particularly at risk. The publications linked below are evaluations of programs in Ecuador (Bono de Desarrollo Humano) on child development and domestic violence, Peru (Juntos) on child growth and development, Tanzania on safe sex, and Brazil (Bolsa Familia) on family poverty.

Effect of Ecuador’s cash transfer program (Bono de Desarrollo Humano) on child development in infants and toddlers: a randomized effectiveness trial

LCH Fernald, M Hidrobo

Social science & medicine 72 (9), 1437-1446

Cash transfers and domestic violence

M Hidrobo, L Fernald

Journal of health economics 32 (1), 304-319

Women's Relationship Power Modifies the Effect of a Randomized Conditional Cash Transfer Intervention for Safer Sex in Tanzania.

Cooper JE, McCoy SI, Fernald LCH, de Walque D, Dow WH.

AIDS Behav. 2018 Jan;22(1):202-211. doi: 10.1007/s10461-017-1875-6.


Female sex workers use power over their day-to-day lives to meet the condition of a conditional cash transfer intervention to incentivize safe sex.

Cooper JE, Dow WH, de Walque D, Keller AC, McCoy SI, Fernald LCH, Balampama MP, Kalolella A, Packel LJ, Wechsberg WM, Ozer EJ.

Participation in the Juntos Conditional Cash Transfer Program in Peru Is Associated with Changes in Child Anthropometric Status but Not Language Development or School Achievement.

Andersen CT, Reynolds SA, Behrman JR, Crookston BT, Dearden KA, Escobal J, Mani S, Sánchez A, Stein AD, Fernald LC.

What is the relative impact of primary health care quality and conditional cash transfer program in child mortality?

Vieira-Meyer APGF, de Araújo Dias MS, Vasconcelos MIO, Rouberte ESC, de Almeida AMB, de Albuquerque Pinheiro TX, de Lima Saintrain MV, Machado MFAS, Dufault S, Reynolds SA, Fernald L.

Can J Public Health. 2019 Dec;110(6):756-767. doi: 10.17269/s41997-019-00246-9. Epub 2019 Jul 29.

Variation in primary health care services after implementation of quality improvement policy in Brazil.

Vieira-Meyer APGF, Machado MFAS, Gubert FA, Morais APP, Paula Sampaio Y, Saintrain MVL, Cameron D, Reynolds S, Ram TK, Fernald L.

Microcredit participation and women's health: results from a cross-sectional study in Peru.

Hamad R, Fernald LC.

Int J Equity Health. 2015 Aug 5;14:62. doi: 10.1186/s12939-015-0194-7.

PMID: 26242582 Free PMC article.

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Conditional cash transfer programs (Mexico)

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Living wage intervention (Dominican Republic)